Polymorphism
There is a description of polymorphism on Wikipedia, but I don't agree with it. In my view polymorphism is any change in the execution path. If you rig a class with a parameter that changes the behaviour of an object: it's polymorphism.
Another interesting aspect of polymorphic code:
//first version of some code
if(a > 5) {
if(a < 100 ) {
...
//now what if we turned our 'a' into a set of polymorphic types
//then we could write such code
a.do_things();
You see the pattern? Polymorphism makes our code more functional. Functional code is, in fact, highly polymorphic. It's just wraps the polymorphism in a different style (pattern matching is one such technique).
Interesting question is what code could be less polymorphic for the same algorithm? I guess we need to introduce some measure of the amount of polymorphism. Like the number of conditional jumps and indirect calls after compilation, so that we could compare different languages. The closest example is "Cyclomatic complexity".